Article 45 of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India states that the State shall endeavor to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years. This provision reflects the commitment of the Indian government to promote universal education and ensure that every child has access to primary education.
The significance of Article 45 lies in its emphasis on the importance of education in the development of individuals and society as a whole. By making education a fundamental right, the Constitution recognizes that education is essential for the empowerment of individuals, the eradication of poverty, and the overall progress of the nation.
While Article 45 is not legally enforceable like the fundamental rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution, it serves as a guiding principle for the government in formulating policies and programs related to education. The provision underscores the importance of education in achieving social justice and equality and highlights the role of the State in ensuring that education is accessible to all, especially to marginalized and disadvantaged groups.
Over the years, various initiatives such as the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act have been launched to fulfill the objectives of Article 45. These initiatives aim to improve access to education, enhance the quality of education, and reduce dropout rates, especially among vulnerable populations.
In conclusion, Article 45 of the Directive Principles of State Policy reflects the commitment of the Indian government to provide free and compulsory education for all children. While it is not legally enforceable, it serves as a guiding principle for the government in promoting education as a fundamental right and a key enabler of social and economic development.