A salmon patch, also known as a stork bite or nevus simplex, is a common type of birthmark that appears as a flat or slightly raised, pink or red discoloration on a newborn’s skin. These birthmarks are typically present at birth and are often temporary, fading over time as the child grows. Here are some key characteristics and facts about salmon patches:
Appearance:
- Salmon patches are characterized by their pink or red color, which can vary in shade from a light pink to a deeper red.
- They are usually flat, smooth, and not raised above the skin’s surface.
- Salmon patches are most commonly found on the back of the neck (nuchal area), the eyelids, or the forehead. However, they can appear in other areas as well.
Causes:
- Salmon patches are caused by an abnormal collection of blood vessels (capillaries) close to the skin’s surface. These capillaries are more dilated and visible, giving the skin its pink or red hue.
- They are considered vascular birthmarks.
Prevalence:
- Salmon patches are one of the most common types of birthmarks and are estimated to occur in about one-third of all newborns.
Persistence:
- Salmon patches on the eyelids and forehead often persist into adulthood, whereas those on the nuchal area tend to fade over time. In many cases, they may become less noticeable as the child grows.
No Treatment Required:
- In the majority of cases, salmon patches do not require any treatment because they are harmless and tend to resolve on their own. However, if a salmon patch is located in a spot where it may cause cosmetic concerns in the long term, medical interventions such as laser therapy can be considered later in life.
Distinguishing Characteristics:
- Salmon patches are typically flat and pink, while other common birthmarks, such as hemangiomas or port-wine stains, have different appearances and characteristics. Hemangiomas are often raised and have a bright red color, while port-wine stains are flat, dark red or purple, and tend to persist and darken over time.
In summary, salmon patches are common birthmarks in newborns that are caused by dilated capillaries near the skin’s surface. While they may cause initial concern for parents due to their vivid appearance, they are generally harmless and tend to fade over time. If salmon patches persist into adulthood and cause cosmetic concerns, medical treatments or interventions can be discussed with a healthcare provider or dermatologist.